References:

1. Black AP, Nouanthong P, Nanthavong N, Souvannaso C, Vilivong K, Jutavijittum P et al. Hepatitis B virus in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross sectional serosurvey in different cohorts. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14: 457. 2. Nanthavong N, Black AP, Nouanthong P, Souvannaso C, Vilivong K, Muller CP et al. Diphtheria in Lao PDR: Insufficient Coverage or Ineffective Vaccine? PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0121749.
3. MOH L. Lao Social Indicator Survey 2011-12. Ministry of Health and Lao Statistics Bureau 2012.
4. Scheifele DW, Ochnio JJ. The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series. Module 2: Diphtheria WHO, 2009.
5. Brussow H, Sidoti J, Freire WB. Tetanus and diphtheria immunization coverage in Ecuadorian children after a national vaccination campaign. J Infect Dis. 1993; 168: 479-83.
6. Hepatitis B vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2009; 84: 405-19.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B vaccine birthdose practices in a country where hepatitis B is endemic – Laos, December 2011-February 2012. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013; 62: 587-90.
8. National Health Statistic Report FY 2010-2011: contributing to monitor Millenium Development Goals. Department of Planning and International Cooperation, Ministry of Health, Lao PDR. 2011.
9. Chang MH. Impact of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B disease and nucleic acid testing in high-prevalence populations. J Clin Virol. 2006; 36 Suppl 1: S45-50.
10. Miyoshi M, Phommasack B, Nakamura S, Kuroiwa C. Nutritional status of children in rural Lao PDR: who are the most vulnerable? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005; 59: 887-90.
11. Wang Y, Xu P, Zhu D, Zhang S, Bi Y, Hu Y et al. Association of polymorphisms of cytokine and TLR-2 genes with long-term immunity to hepatitis B in children vaccinated early in life. Vaccine. 2012; 30: 5708-13.
12. Techathawat S, Varinsathien P, Rasdjarmrearnsook A, Tharmaphornpilas P. Exposure to heat and freezing in the vaccine cold chain in Thailand. Vaccine. 2007; 25: 1328-33. 13. Kumru OS, Joshi SB, Smith DE, Middaugh CR, Prusik T, Volkin DB. Vaccine instability in the cold chain: mechanisms, analysis and formulation strategies. Biologicals. 2014; 42: 237-59.
14. Sychareun V, Hansana V, Phengsavanh A, Chaleunvong K, Eunyoung K, Durham J. Data verification at health centers and district health offices in Xiengkhouang and Houaphanh Provinces, Lao PDR. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014; 14: 255.
15. Evdokimov K, Sayasinh K, Nouanthong P, Vilivong K, Samountry B, Phonekeo D et al. Low and disparate seroprotection after pentavalent childhood vaccination in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016. 16. Tregoning JS, Schwarze J. Respiratory viral infections in infants: causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010; 23: 74-98. 17. Zumla A, Memish ZA, Maeurer M, Bates M, Mwaba P, Al-Tawfiq JA et al. Emerging novel and antimicrobial-resistant respiratory tract infections: new drug development and therapeutic options. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014; 14: 1136-49. 18. Advani S, Sengupta A, Forman M, Valsamakis A, Milstone AM. Detecting respiratory viruses in asymptomatic children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012; 31: 1221-6.
19. Abt MC, Osborne LC, Monticelli LA, Doering TA, Alenghat T, Sonnenberg GF et al. Commensal bacteria calibrate the activation threshold of innate antiviral immunity. Immunity. 2012; 37: 158-70.
20. Ichinohe T, Pang IK, Kumamoto Y, Peaper DR, Ho JH, Murray TS et al. Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza A virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011; 108: 5354-9.
21. White LJ, Newton PN, Maude RJ, Pan-Ngum W, Fried JR, Mayxay M et al. Defining disease heterogeneity to guide the empirical treatment of febrile illness in resource poor settings. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e44545.
22. Sentilhes AC, Choumlivong K, Celhay O, Sisouk T, Phonekeo D, Vongphrachanh P et al. Respiratory virus infections in hospitalized children and adults in Lao PDR. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013; 7: 1070-8.
23. Mayxay M, Hansana V, Sengphilom B, Oulay L, Thammavongsa V, Somphet V et al. Respiratory illness healthcare-seeking behavior assessment in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos). BMC Public Health. 2013; 13: 444.
24. Mwaniki MK, Atieno M, Lawn JE, Newton CR. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review. Lancet. 2012; 379: 445-52.
25. Hass J, Matuszewski S, Cieslik D, Haase M. The role of swine as “mixing vessel” for interspecies transmission of the influenza A subtype H1N1: a simultaneous Bayesian inference of phylogeny and ancestral hosts. Infect Genet Evol. 2011; 11: 437-41.
26. Smith GJ, Vijaykrishna D, Bahl J, Lycett SJ, Worobey M, Pybus OG et al. Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic. Nature. 2009; 459: 1122-5.
27. Zheng Y, Ge S, Zhang J, Guo Q, Ng MH, Wang F et al. Swine as a principal reservoir of hepatitis E virus that infects humans in eastern China. J Infect Dis. 2006; 193: 1643-9.
28. Holt HR, Inthavong P, Khamlome B, Blaszak K, Keokamphe C, Somoulay V et al. Endemicity of Zoonotic Diseases in Pigs and Humans in Lowland and Upland Lao PDR: Identification of Socio-cultural Risk Factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016; 10: e0003913.
29. Phengsavanh P, Ogle B, Stur W, Frankow-Lindberg BE, Lindberg JE. Feeding and performance of pigs in smallholder production systems in Northern Lao PDR. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010; 42: 1627-33.
30. Conlan JV, Jarman RG, Vongxay K, Chinnawirotpisan P, Melendrez MC, Fenwick S et al. Hepatitis E virus is prevalent in the pig population of Lao People’s Democratic Republic and evidence exists for homogeneity with Chinese Genotype 4 human isolates. Infect Genet Evol. 2011; 11: 1306-11.
31. Conlan JV, Khamlome B, Vongxay K, Elliot A, Pallant L, Sripa B et al. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Laos: a community-wide cross-sectional study of humans and dogs in a mass drug administration environment. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012; 86: 624-34.
32. Okello AL, Burniston S, Conlan JV, Inthavong P, Khamlome B, Welburn SC et al. Prevalence of Endemic Pig-Associated Zoonoses in Southeast Asia: A Review of Findings from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015; 92: 1059-66.
33. Sturm-Ramirez KM, Hulse-Post DJ, Govorkova EA, Humberd J, Seiler P, Puthavathana P et al. Are ducks contributing to the endemicity of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in Asia? J Virol. 2005; 79: 11269-79.
34. Osbjer K, Berg M, Sokerya S, Chheng K, San S, Davun H et al. Influenza A Virus in Backyard Pigs and Poultry in Rural Cambodia. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016.
35. Gray GC, Bender JB, Bridges CB, Daly RF, Krueger WS, Male MJ et al. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus among healthy show pigs, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012; 18: 1519-21.
36. Doceul V, Bagdassarian E, Demange A, Pavio N. Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classi fi cation, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes. Viruses. 2016; 8.
37. Butler J, Stewart CR, Layton DS, Phommachanh P, Harper J, Payne J et al. Novel Reassortant H5N6 Influenza A Virus from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic Is Highly Pathogenic in Chickens. PLoS One. 2016; 11: e0162375.
38. Nanthavong N, Black AP, Khattignavong, P, Lorphachan, L, Vilivong K, et al.  High prevalence of intestinal worms in children up to 5 years of age in Huaphan province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Parasite Epidem. Contr. 2017. 2: 114-117

image_pdfimage_print